Manifestation of Labile Mechanisms of Stability of Woody Plants in an Urbanized Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/scine22.01.012Keywords:
Tilia cordata, Aesculus hippocastanum, Platanus acerifolia, secondary metabolites, titanium, brassinosteroids, tannins, siliconAbstract
Introduction. The plasticity and diversity of plant adaptive strategies determine their ability to survive under extreme environmental conditions and ensure the overall stability of the biogeocenosis.
Problem Statement. Recent monitoring studies have shown that most urban street plantings experience
significant anthropogenic stress caused by intensive urbanization, particularly due to air and light pollution.
Purpose. To determine the physiological and biochemical characteristics underlying the resistance of major tree species in the Kyiv metropolis to light and aerogenic pollution resulting from vehicular emissions.
Materials and Methods. The study has focused on street plantings of Tilia cordata Mill., Aesculus hippocastanum L., and Platanus acerifolia (Aiton) Willd. in Kyiv. Field observations have been carried out at two sites: the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (Site 1) and the green zone along Lesia Ukrainka Boulevard (Site 2). Soil temperature and surface CO2 emissions have
been measured. The content of chemical elements in soil and plant samples has been analyzed using an iCAP 6300 DUO plasma emission spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The levels of photosynthetic pigments, tannins, and brassinosteroids in plant leaves have been determined. In a vegetation experiment, plants have been treated with a 1% aqueous solution of Ti(SO4)2, titanium mefenaminate, and mefenamic acid. A microbiological analysis of the leaf phylloplane has also been conducted.
Results. A multivariate analytical approach has enabled the assessment of interactions within the plant–soil–plant system and the identification of the most stable and sensitive parameters for evaluating external stress. Under conditions of light and aerogenic pollution, the concentrations of titanium (1.2—4.4-fold), brassinosteroids (1.4—3.0-fold), tannins (1.2—4.1-fold), and silicon (1.1—2.3-fold) in plant tissues have increased, indicating the activation of labile mechanisms that enhance plant resistance.
Conclusions. The study has demonstrated that the use of titanium- and silicon-based compounds can increase the adaptive capacity of plants under stress conditions. This approach has shown promise for the development of effective protective formulations for urban green plantings.
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