Second-Life Electric Vehicle Batteries in Ukraine’s Energy Sector: SWOT Analysis and Market Evaluation

A. ZAPOROZHETS; G. KOSTENKO

doi:10.15407/scine21.06.019

Authors

A. ZAPOROZHETS General Energy Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0704-4116
G. KOSTENKO General Energy Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8839-7633

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15407/scine21.06.019

Keywords:

Second-Life Applications, Battery Energy Storage System, Electric Vehicle, Nissan Leaf, Battery Degradation, EV Battery Life Cycle, Circular Economy, Repurpose, Reuse, Recycling, повторне використання, переробка

Abstract

Introduction. The rapid expansion of electric vehicles (EVs) has raised pressing concerns about the disposal of lithium-ion batteries. Their repurposing for second-life applications has offered a cost-effective and environmentally sound solution, contributing to grid stability and advancing the circular economy. In the Ukrainian context, second-life batteries have presented additional value by enhancing energy security and facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources.
Problem Statement. Despite these advantages, the large-scale deployment of second-life EV batteries in Ukraine has faced significant technical, economic, and regulatory challenges. The absence of standardized stateof-health assessment methods, well-defined integration strategies, and comprehensive market analysis has necessitated a structured SWOT analysis.
Purpose. This study aims to evaluate the potential for deploying second-life EV batteries in Ukraine through
a SWOT analysis and to determine their suitability for grid integration and energy storage applications.
Materials and Methods. A SWOT analysis has been employed as the primary methodological framework, supplemented by market assessment, regulatory review, and economic feasibility evaluation. The analysis has drawn upon international case studies, policy documents, and empirical data on battery degradation, performance, and lifecycle extension.

Results. The SWOT analysis has confi rmed that second-life EV batteries provide a cost-effective solution for energy storage, grid stability, and the promotion of a circular economy. However, critical challenges have included the lack of technical standards, uncertainties regarding operational lifespans, and regulatory deficiencies. Identified opportunities have encompassed state incentives, innovative business models, and rising demand for flexible storage solutions. At the same time, threats have stemmed from competition with next-generation battery technologies, cybersecurity risks, and market volatility. Strategic actions have been proposed to address these challenges.
Conclusions. Second-life EV batteries have demonstrated significant potential to strengthen Ukraine’s energy security and to support the expansion of renewable energy. Successful implementation, however, requires targeted regulatory frameworks, financial incentives, and robust management systems. Future research should focus on advanced degradation modeling, market design
mechanisms, and effective integration into the national energy system.

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