BREEDING TRITICALE WITH HIGH PRODUCTIVITY AND IMPROVED GRAIN QUALITY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/scine18.06.113Keywords:
multilinear cultivars, intraspecific hybridization, hexaploid triticale, baking properties, breedingAbstract
Introduction. Natural, climatic, ecological, and economic conditions make us think over the ways of the development of agrarian production. Along with other urgent measures, in the near future, it is expected to develop updated highly productive cultivars and hybrids, which correspond to the climate conditions and realize their genetic potential for 70—75%.
Problem Statement. The breeding of hexaploid triticale in the current conditions aims at increasing the crop
capacity, ensuring its stability, improving grain quality, and keeping the adaptive properties.
Purpose. The purpose of this research is to analyze the development of triticale genotypes with a high productivity and an improved grain quality.
Material and Methods. Field, laboratory mathematicalstatistical research techniques, samples of hybrid populations of hexaploid triticale of various ecological and geographical origin and type have been used.
Results. Twenty-six cultivars have beencreated by means of intra-specific triticale hybridization 2n = 42 × 2n = 42 with various types of the development. Lines with more resilient and elastic gluten have been singled out from the combinations that include the forms with weak but viscous and too tensile gluten. These lines have been used as basis for creatingAmos, Markiian, and Nikanormultilinear baking and universal purpose cultivars, which givean improved
quality of bread. High productive 40—105 cm high triticale with very elastic gluten has been singled out from Rarytet/KhAD 7 hybrid population. In dry conditions of 2014—2020, the grain yield capacity of the best short-stem cultivars Tymofii, Pudik, and Yelanreached 9.94—10.36 t/ha that exceeded that of Rarytet and Baltikotriticale cultivars andPodolianka soft wheat cultivar. The best quality of gluten, dough, and bread has beenreported forPudik and Yelancultivars with a subunit of gliadin 2* – 7 + 8.
Conclusions. The use of the intra-specific triticale hybridization technique in breeding practice in combination with longterm trials of hybrid populations and lines in different ecological conditions makes it possible to create short-stem highly productive cultivars of winter triticale with improved grain qualityand good baking properties,as well as with complex immunity to the main diseases.
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