Abandoned Code: War and Migration of Ukrainian IT Specialists
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/scine20.04.022Keywords:
migration, refugees, brain drain, IT specialists, Industry 4.0, IT clusters, state of war, emigrationAbstract
Introduction. Modern conditions, including the full scale war and economic instability in Ukraine, present Ukrainian IT specialists with a series of complex challenges, among which migration-related issues are prominent. In this context, the problem of migration among Ukrainian IT specialists becomes crucial and requires attention from the government, IT companies, and other stakeholders. This problem requires a comprehensive analysis and the development of effective strategies and solutions to attract and retain IT specialists in Ukraine.
Problem Statement. This research examines various aspects of migration among Ukrainian IT specialists, identifies the key challenges they face in times of armed conflict, and proposes recommendations and strategies to address the issues related to intellectual migration.
Purpose. The main objective is to identify the primary problems encountered by Ukrainian IT specialists during migration and to develop specific recommendations and strategies to support and attract this category of professionals to contribute to the development of the IT industry in Ukraine.
Materials and Methods. The study employs general scientific and specialized research methods, such as in vestigating cause-and-effect relationships, using the scientific abstraction method, comparative assessments, analysis, and synthesis.
Results. Some key challenges affecting the migration of Ukrainian IT specialists have been identified. These include restrictions on leaving the country, migration of IT specialists and their families, conscription into the army, currency regulations, challenges related to working with foreign clients, relocation challenges, and the occupation of Ukrainian territory.
Conclusions. To support Ukrainian IT specialists and harness their potential for the country’s development, it is essential to focus on creating favorable working conditions, fostering interaction with IT specialists, developing the innovation sector, facilitating knowledge transfer, and providing promising opportunities for their growth.
Downloads
References
Gabriel, J., Harding, J. (2016). On being a “good” refugee. Ethnicities and values in a changing world. Great Britain. 135–155.
Florida, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Class. And How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure and Everyday Life. New York.
Sambaraju, R., Shrikant, N. (2023). All of a sudden for no reason they have been displaced: Constructing the “contingent refugee” in early media reports on the Ukrainian refugees. British Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley, Sons Ltd on behalf of British Psychological Society, 1—27. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12652.
Taylor, B. (2015). Everyone here wants to help you: International Co-operation, Refugee Rights, and the 1956 Hun ga rian Refugee Crisis. History Workshop. URL: https://www.historyworkshop.org.uk/migration/everyone-here-wants-to-helpyou-international-co-operation-refugee-rights-and-the-1956-hungarian-refugee-crisis/ (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Wachs, J. (2023). Digital traces of brain drain: developers during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. EPJ Data Sci., 12(1), 14, 1—18. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00389-3.
Guo, L., Wu, C.-L. The Importance of Factors Infl uencing the Brain Drain of IT Employee. International Conference on Management Science and Management Innovation. Series: Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research (August 13—14, 2016 in Guilin, China). 366—370. https://doi.org/10.2991/msmi-16.2016.86.
Dudko, V. (2022). Is everyone running away? More than half of the citizens of IT-specialists can leave Ukraine as soon as the borders are opened. What mass IT emigration will mean for the country. Forbes, Innovation, Aug. 2022. URL: https://forbes.ua/inside/tikayut-usi-ponad-polovina-aytivtsiv-mozhe-poikhati-z-ukraini-ledve-vidkriyut-kordonishcho-oznachatime-dlya-kraini-masova-it-emigratsiya-18082022-7737 (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Dudko, V., Shevchuk, S. (2022). A course of misunderstanding. Why do programmers rebel against the “double course” and are their threats real. Forbes, Innovations, June 2022. URL: https://forbes.ua/inside/kurs-neporozuminnya-chomuprogramisti-buntuyut-proti-podviynogo-kursu-i-chi-realni-ikh-pogrozi-20062022-6664 (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Dou (2022). Top 50 IT companies of Ukraine, summer 2022: the number of specialists decreased by 3%, and the “big fi ve” updated their composition, August 2022. URL: https://dou.ua/lenta/articles/top-50-summer-2022/?from=similar_posts (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Ipolitova, I. (2022). Migration of IT specialists during the war: who moved where and whether they are ready to return. URL: https://dou.ua/lenta/articles/war-migration-map-summer/ (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Kolchenogova, O. (2023). Taxes abroad. Will payments in the EU be canceled if you work remotely in Ukraine? URL: https://notagroup.com.ua/news/podatky-za-kordonom-chy-skasuyut-vyplaty-v-yes-yakshho-vy-pratsyuyete-vukrayini-viddaleno/ (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Dou (2023). Overview of the IT labor market, May 2023: +500 vacancies per month, a decrease in competition among Junior QA and Front-end, and activity in the miltech direction. URL: https://dou.ua/lenta/articles/it-job-marketmay-2023/ (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Boyko, I. (2022). Departure of IT specialists during martial law: a shot in the foot of the country’s economy? URL: https:// www.unian.ua/special/vij izd-it-specialistiv-pid-chas-voyennogo-stanu-postril-v-nogu-ekonomici-krajini-11890653. html (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
IT Ukraine Association (2023). IT-clusters united with ITU to protect interests. URL: https://itukraine.org.ua/it-clustershave-united-with-the-itu-to-protect-the-interests-of-the-industry.html (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Dzyuba, O. (2023). Why Diya City IT companies created an association that will protect IT users and develop education. History. URL: https://dev.ua/news/navishcho-it-kompanii-diia-city-stvoryly-obiednannia-iake-zakhyshchatymeaitishnykiv-i-rozvyvatyme-osvitu-istoriia (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
IT Ukraine Association (2022). Do IT like for Ukraine. URL: https://itukraine.org.ua/fi les/reports/2022/ DoITLikeUkraine2022.pdf (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Ipolitova, I. (2022, March 29). Ukrainian IT in the fi rst month of the war. More than 60% left their homes. DOU. URL: https://dou.ua/lenta/articles/ukrainian-it-during-war/ (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Brovinska, M. (2022). 2% of IT specialists joined the ranks of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. More than 85% of IT spe cialists protect Ukraine’s economic front — IT Ukraine. URL: https://dev.ua/news/2-aitishnykiv (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Babenko, M. (2022). Goodbye, IT. How manual exchange rate management is killing the Ukrainian IT sector. URL: https://focus.ua/uk/economics/518778-proshchay-ayti-kak-ruchnoe-upravlenie-valutnym-kursom-ubivaet-ukrainskiyit-sektor (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Vinokurov, Y. (2023). Ukrainian migrants are boosting the European economy. What will happen to Ukraine without them? URL: https://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2023/01/10/695807/ (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Kononenko, O. (2022). Work and life in Portugal for IT specialists: why Ukrainians choose this country. URL: https:// iampm.club/ua/blog/robota-ta-zhittya-v-portugaliyi-dlya-ajtivcziv-chomu-ukrayinczi-obirayut-czyu-krayinu/ (Last ac ces sed: 19.07.2023).
Kononenko, O. (2022). Work and life in Spain for Ukrainians: which fi eld of IT to go to. URL: https://iampm.club/ua/ blog/robota-ta-zhittya-v-ispaniyi-dlya-ukrayincziv-u-yaku-sferu-it-piti/ (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Koznova, O. (2022). Interesting facts about the UK IT market. URL: https://biz.ligazakon.net/news/215215_tskavfakti-pro-t-rinok-veliko-britan (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Gradus Research (2022). Having lived abroad, Ukrainians have evaluated the structure of their life at home. URL: https://gradus.app/documents/226/Life_Abroad_vs_in_Ukraine_GradusResearch_27052022_ua.pdf?fbclid= IwAR2L0m9uOIVFWZwB-SohmbvvgT5ixtsjj9_lhlGbJWWrVBvLt_fm8XxnsO0 (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Vyshlinskyi, G., Mikhailishyna, D., Samoiluk, M., Tomilina, M. (2023). Refugees from Ukraine: who are they, how many are there and how to return them? URL: https://ces.org.ua/who-are-ukrainian-refugee-research/ (Last accessed: 19.07.2023).
Okuwhere, M. (2022, September). SMEs digitalisation through clustering, the role of open innovation: a research agenda. Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (September 15—16, 2022 in Pafos, Cyprus), 17:1, 386—393. https://doi.org/10.34190/ecie.17.1.579
Martínez-Pérez, A., García-Villaverde, P. M., Elche, D. (2016). The Mediating Eff ect of Ambidextrous Knowledge Strategy between Social Capital and Innovation of Cultural Tourism Clusters Firms. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(7), 1484–1507. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2014-0405 .
Shchegluuk, S. (2015). Local clusters as tools for improving competition policy in the region. Electronic journal “Effi cient economy”, 4. URL: http://www.economy.nayka.com.ua/?op=1&z=4268 (Las t accessed: 19.07.2023).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright Notice Authors published in the journal “Science and Innovation” agree to the following conditions: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication. Authors may enter into separate, additional contractual agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of their work (article) published in the journal “Science and Innovation” (for example, place it in an institutional repository or publish in their book), while confirming its initial publication in the journal “Science and innovation.” Authors are allowed to place their work on the Internet (for example, in institutional repositories or on their website).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.