ШКОДОЧИННІСТЬ ЖОВТОЇ ІРЖІ ПШЕНИЦІ ТА ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЯ ГЕНІВ СТІЙКОСТІ ДО ЇЇ ВИСОКОВІРУЛЕНТНИХ РАС

T. Chugunkova; N. Pastukhova; T. Topchii; Ya. Pirko; Ya. Blume

doi:10.15407/scine19.04.066

Authors

T. Chugunkova Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Scinces of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8945-0854
N. Pastukhova Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Scinces of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-614X
T. Topchii Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Scinces of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7216-0543
Ya. Pirko Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Scinces of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-5406
Ya. Blume Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics of National Academy of Scinces of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7078-7548

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15407/scine19.04.066

Keywords:

wheat, yellow rust, harmfulness, resistance genes, PCR analysis, varieties

Abstract

Introduction. Fungal diseases, in particular, yellow rust, are the most harmful and widespread among wheat diseases. Due to environmental and climatic changes, yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici) has been actively spreading and causing damage to wheat crops, particular in Ukraine. One of the aspects of overcoming this problem can be the monitoring of disease spread and the use of advanced methods of molecular genetics and breeding to create new resistant varieties.
Problem Statement. The specificity of the pathogen races complicates fighting against this disease, with epiphytotics leading to significant losses of the wheat yield. The application of advanced methods for identifying the genotypes that have effective Yr resistance genes to yellow rust, with the use of molecular genetic markers, will allow to avoid significant economic losses.
Purpose. The purpose of this research is to generalize data on the harmfulness of yellow rust and to evaluate the usability of the molecular genetic methods for resistance genes analysis.
Material and Methods. Ukrainian-bred wheat varieties with resistance to known races of yellow rust have been used as materials to be studied. The yellow rust resistance genes (Yr10 and Yr36) have been identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the use of our own original primers.
Results. The losses of the wheat crop as a result of damage by yellow rust have been shown to depend on the resistance of the variety, the period of infection, the duration of the development of the disease, and the climatic conditions. The original primers have been developed and optimal conditions for PCR have been determined. The genes for resistance to yellow rust in soft winter wheat varieties has been identified.
Conclusions. The results have indicated the absence of alleles that can ensure resistance to new harmful races of yellow rust in Ukrainian-bred wheat varieties. This implies the need to use sources with Yr10 and Yr36 genes in the breeding process.

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