ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СТРУКТУРНОЇ НЕОДНОРІДНОСТІ У ВУГЛЕЦЕВІЙ СТАЛІ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СПОСОБУ ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ

O. BABACHENKO; T. BALAKHANOVA; O. SAFRONOVA; R. PODOLSKYI

doi:10.15407/scine19.04.047

Authors

O. BABACHENKO Iron and Steel Institute of Z.I. Nekrasov of the NAS of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4710-0343
T. BALAKHANOVA Iron and Steel Institute of Z.I. Nekrasov of the NAS of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2493-218X
O. SAFRONOVA Iron and Steel Institute of Z.I. Nekrasov of the NAS of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4032-4275
R. PODOLSKYI Iron and Steel Institute of Z.I. Nekrasov of the NAS of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0288-0641

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15407/scine19.04.047

Keywords:

microstructure, railway axle, carbon steel, deformation, liquation heterogeneity

Abstract

Introduction. Uniform and homogeneous microstructure of dimensional steel products is the most important for
ensuring the required set of properties.
Problem Statement. Modes of deformation and heat treatment, which are used today, need to be adjusted, depending on the characteristics of steel smelting to ensure high properties of metal products.
Purpose. To analyze the effect of the size of original continuous-cast billet, its geometry, the degree of treatment of the finished railway axle and to study the influence of steel purity on the structural properties of railway axles as finished product.
Material and Methods. All test samples are taken from half-neck thick rough railway axles. The axles have the same size of Ø 218 mm. All axles undergo two temperature normalizations (820 and 840 °C, respectively). The microstructures are photographed by Axiovert 200 MAT.
Results. The experimental findings have shown that the structural formation of the final structure in railway axles manufactured with the use of different production methods has significant differences. Importantly, these differences have also been observed during the experimental heat treatment of non-deformed billets. The process of deformation solely contributes to the softening effect on the original structure casting processes and reduces liquation inhomogeneity, imperfections, and other related structural irregularities.
Conclusions. In the context of the optimal chemical composition of steel for the production of crucial railway components, careful consideration shall be given to the steel production method, raw materials, and technological aspects that are specific to the metallurgical facility. This is imperative since steel samples with similar chemical compositions can exhibit distinct patterns of structure formation. In particular, it has been observed that the development of a ferrite boundary adjacent to sulfide inclusions shares similarities with the formation of gas bubbles and exhibits a characteristic structure. The sulfide inclusions are present in the liquation zone together with other liquates and gases in the steel.

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